How are air masses classified?

Air masses are classified by their source region and surface characteristics, which is crucial for understanding their behavior and impact on weather patterns. A source region provides the necessary conditions for the air mass to acquire its properties, which can be maritime (oceanic) or continental (land-based) in origin. The surface characteristics, such as whether the surface of the source region is wet or dry, warm or cold, also define the nature of the air mass.

For example, an air mass originating over a warm, moist ocean will have different temperature and humidity characteristics compared to one formed over a cold, dry land surface. This classification is important for meteorologists when predicting weather patterns, as different types of air masses interact to create various weather phenomena, such as storms or clear skies.

Understanding the characteristics of air masses allows forecasters to accurately interpret weather changes, making this classification system a fundamental aspect of meteorology.