What is condensation in the context of meteorology?

In meteorology, condensation refers specifically to the transformation of water vapor—a gas—into liquid water. This process occurs when the air containing water vapor cools, and the vapor molecules lose energy, causing them to come together to form droplets of liquid. This phenomenon is critical in the formation of clouds, fog, and precipitation.

For instance, when warm, moist air rises and encounters cooler temperatures, the decreasing temperature causes the water vapor in the air to condense and form clouds. This is a fundamental concept in understanding weather patterns and processes related to humidity and precipitation. Hence, the correct answer accurately identifies the nature of condensation in the context of meteorological processes.