What is the primary reason wings are shaped like an airfoil?

Wings are designed with an airfoil shape primarily to generate lift as air flows over them. The airfoil shape allows for a pressure difference to be created between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing when air moves over it. This occurs because the air traveling over the top of the wing moves faster than the air below, which creates lower pressure above the wing compared to the higher pressure beneath it. This pressure difference is what generates lift, enabling the aircraft to rise off the ground and maintain flight.

The design of the airfoil not only helps in maximizing lift but also helps manage airflow in such a way that aerodynamic efficiency is improved, minimizing drag to some extent. However, the primary function and design intention relate directly to lift generation, which is essential for the performance and safety of the aircraft.