What is the purpose of a runway?

The purpose of a runway is specifically designated for taking off and landing aircraft. Runways are constructed with particular materials and surface textures suitable for the high speeds and impacts that occur during these critical phases of flight. They must be long enough to allow aircraft to reach the speed needed for takeoff and to safely decelerate during landing.

While taxiing, parking, and passenger services are essential aspects of airport operations, they occur in different areas designated for those functions, such as taxiways, ramps, and terminals. Runways, however, are vital for the flight operations themselves, as they are the only parts of an airport where aircraft can gain the necessary lift to ascend into the air or land safely back on the ground. Thus, B is the correct answer as it captures the primary function of a runway in aviation.