What label is used to denote a runway based on its orientation from true north?

The label used to denote a runway based on its orientation from true north is "runway heading." This designation is crucial in aviation, as it provides pilots with essential information regarding the runway's direction. The runway heading is expressed in degrees, typically rounded to the nearest ten degrees, which aligns with the magnetic compass used in aircraft navigation. This information helps pilots during takeoff and landing phases, allowing them to align their approach or departure with the appropriate runway.

In contrast, other options relate to distinct aspects of aviation. A tetrahedron is a visual aid used at airports to show pilots the wind direction and is not a labeling convention for runways, while a taxiway refers to the paths that connect the runways with the terminals and other facilities, but it does not describe runway orientation. Lastly, the traffic pattern describes the standard flight path aircraft follow when landing or taking off near an airport, and it is unrelated to the specific labeling of runways.